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Compare Macau (2004) - San Marino (2001)
Compare Macau (2004) z San Marino (2001)
| Macau (2004) | San Marino (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (special administrative region of China) | 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 18% (male 41,460; female 38,595)
15-64 years: 74.2% (male 157,629; female 172,810) 65 years and over: 7.8% (male 14,380; female 20,412) (2004 est.) |
0-14 years:
15.88% (male 2,241; female 2,100) 15-64 years: 67.94% (male 9,048; female 9,525) 65 years and over: 16.18% (male 1,902; female 2,520) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | vegetables, livestock | wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides |
| Airports | 1 (2003 est.) | none |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Area | total: 25.4 sq km
land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. | The third smallest state in Europe (after The Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marinus in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor. |
| Birth rate | 8.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) | 10.76 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $1.9 billion
expenditures: $1.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002) |
revenues:
$400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) |
| Capital | - | San Marino |
| Climate | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers | Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |
| Coastline | 41 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" | 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution |
| Country name | conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
conventional long form:
Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino |
| Currency | pataca (MOP) | Italian lira (ITL); euro (EUR) |
| Death rate | 4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) | 7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $121 million (2001 est.) | $NA |
| Dependency status | special administrative region of China | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong | the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (special administrative region of China) | San Marino does not have an embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC, and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | NA (1997) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for roughly 41% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly contributes to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The government estimated GDP growth at 4% in 2003 with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), but private sector analysts think the figure may have been higher because of the continuing boom in tourism. | The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1999 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.688 billion kWh (2002) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 1 million kWh (2001) | 0 kWh
note: electric power supplied by Italy (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 193 million kWh (2002) | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by Italy |
| Electricity - production | 1.611 billion kWh (2002) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m |
lowest point:
Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution |
| Ethnic groups | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other | Sammarinese, Italian |
| Exchange rates | patacas per US dollar - 8.0212 (2003), 8.0334 (2002), 8.0335 (2001), 8.0259 (2000), 7.9919 (1999) | euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar - 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997), 1,542.9 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent |
chief of state:
cochiefs of state Captain Regent Luigi LONFERNINI and Captain Regent Fabio BERARDI (for the period 1 April 2001-30 September 2001) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI (since NA July 1986) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captain regents) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA March 2001 (next to be held NA September 2001); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held NA June 1998 (next to be held NA June 2003) election results: Luigi LONFERNINI and Fabio BERARDI elected captain regents; percent of legislative vote - NA; Gabriele GATTI reelected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) which has ten other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are three secretaries of state - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister |
| Exports | NA (2001) | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy |
| Exports - commodities | clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts | building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics |
| Exports - partners | US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5% (2003) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller | two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2003 est.) | purchasing power parity - $860 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 12% services: 87% (2002 est.) |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003 est.) | purchasing power parity - $32,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4% (2003 est.) | 8% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 22 10 N, 113 33 E | 43 46 N, 12 25 E |
| Geography - note | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland | landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines |
| Highways | total: 271 km
paved: 271 km unpaved: 0 km (2000) |
total:
220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | NA (2001) | trade data are included with the statistics for Italy |
| Imports - commodities | clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods | wide variety of consumer manufactures, food |
| Imports - partners | China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003) | - |
| Independence | none (special administrative region of China) | 3 September 301 |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA | 6% (1997 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys | tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
6.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | -2.6% (2003 est.) | 2.2% (2000) |
| International organization participation | IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO | CE, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region | Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII |
| Labor force | 214,000 (2002) | 18,500 (1999) |
| Labor force - by occupation | manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and agriculture 25% (2002 est.) | services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total: 0.34 km
regional border: China 0.34 km |
total:
39 km border countries: Italy 39 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001) |
arable land:
17% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) | Italian |
| Legal system | based on Portuguese civil law system | based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and sevem appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms); number of legislators will increase to 29 from September 2005
elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be September 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 |
unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%, PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 82.03 years
male: 79.2 years female: 84.99 years (2004 est.) |
total population:
81.23 years male: 77.68 years female: 85.1 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.) |
definition:
age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.) |
| Location | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China | Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Europe |
| Maritime claims | not specified | none (landlocked) |
| Merchant marine | none | - |
| Military branches | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there are local police forces | Voluntary Military Force, Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $700,000 (FY00) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49: 125,060 (2004 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49: 68,913 (2004 est.) | - |
| National holiday | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day | Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301) |
| Nationality | noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese |
| Natural hazards | typhoons | NA |
| Natural resources | NEGL | building stone |
| Net migration rate | 4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) | 11.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties: Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union | Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Pier Marino MENICUCCI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Mario VENTURINI]; San Marino Progressive Democratic Party or PPDS [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Augusto CASALI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Catholic Church [LAI Hung-sing, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] | NA |
| Population | 445,286 (July 2004 est.) | 27,336 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.87% (2004 est.) | 1.45% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Macau | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 16,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore |
| Religions | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) | Roman Catholic |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment:
adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: connected to Italian international network |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 174,600 (2003) | 18,000 (1998) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 364,000 (2003) | 3,010 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (2003) | 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997) |
| Terrain | generally flat | rugged mountains |
| Total fertility rate | 0.93 children born/woman (2004 est.) | 1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 6.3% (2003) | 3% (1999) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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